The 2000s Loudness War vs. Modern Streaming Normalization: How True-Peak DSP and -14 LUFS Master Bus Penalties Saved Dynamic Range
How Rick Rubin, Metallica, and the Waves L2 flattened waveforms into distorted 0.5 dB crest-factor bricks in the 2000s, and why Spotify and Apple Music's LUFS normalization penalties finally rescued punch and dynamics in modern mastering.